If we ignore electric vehicles, there are two types of automatic transmissions on the market today. There are traditional automatics with usually 6-10 gears. There are also CVT transmissions that have no actual gears. Some brands have engineered “simulated gears” which make your car sound like it is switching gears while accelerating, but really it has no gears.
CVTs emerged a number of years ago now and were not received well by the automotive industry. They took much of the excitement out of driving and were riddled with reliability issues at first. The transmissions are notorious for getting really loud and obnoxious during hard accelerations.
The main appeal of CVT’s was improved fuel economy and lowered emissions. While most modern CVT’s do deliver on those promises, some of them have actually come a long way from their inception. Automotive brands such as Honda have created CVT’s that are rather inoffensive and that are still fairly reliable.
Some CVT’s come paired with a turbocharger which further adds to reliability concerns. However, turbochargers do help significantly with performance and emissions ratings.
Pros and Cons of CVT Transmissions
Unlike manual transmissions or standard transmissions with fixed gears, CVTs offer a smooth driving experience by utilizing a pulley system that provides an infinite number of gear ratios. This means you will not feel the jolts or abrupt shifts when accelerating while your transmission switches gears.
Pros of CVT Transmissions
Improved Fuel Economy
One of the key advantages of CVT transmissions is their improved fuel economy compared to traditional automatic transmissions. Unlike conventional automatic transmissions that use a fixed number of gears, CVTs offer a seamless range of gear ratios, allowing the engine to operate more efficiently. This continuous variation in gear ratios enables the engine to maintain its optimal speed for any given driving condition, resulting in better fuel efficiency.
With a CVT transmission, the engine can operate at lower RPMs (revolutions per minute) during normal driving conditions, reducing fuel consumption. This feature makes CVTs an excellent choice for those seeking better gas mileage without sacrificing performance. Whether you’re commuting in heavy traffic or cruising on the highway, a CVT-equipped vehicle can help you save money at the pump.
Continuous Power Delivery
Another significant advantage offered by CVT transmissions is their ability to provide continuous power delivery. With conventional automatic or manual transmissions, there are brief moments when power delivery is interrupted during gear changes. In contrast, CVTs eliminate these interruptions by continuously adjusting the gear ratio according to driving conditions.
This seamless power delivery results in a smoother driving experience, as the engine can operate within its optimal power band more consistently. Whether you’re accelerating from a stop or cruising at a constant speed, the CVT ensures that the engine remains in its most efficient operating range, allowing for effortless acceleration and a more enjoyable ride.
Cons of CVT Transmissions
Lack of Shifting Sensation
Unlike traditional automatic transmissions that shift gears and provide a noticeable change in engine sound and feel, CVTs offer a smooth and uninterrupted power delivery.
For enthusiasts who enjoy the feeling of shifting gears manually or experiencing that surge when an automatic transmission changes gears, this absence of perceptible shifts might be seen as a disadvantage. However, it’s worth noting that modern CVTs have come a long way in simulating gear changes by incorporating artificial shift points or using computer algorithms to mimic traditional transmission behavior.
Personally, depending on what I’m using the car for, I prefer traditional automatic transmissions. Traditional CVT transmissions just don’t feel rewarding to drive to me. There’s something about hearing the gears upshift or downshift that make me feel more in tune with my vehicle. The only exception to this is in the event of a vehicle using an eCVT. I’ll talk a bit more about eCVT’s in a minute.
Potential for Higher Repair Costs
CVTs are relatively complex systems compared to traditional transmissions, and repairing or replacing certain components can be costly.
Sourcing parts for CVT repairs might not be as readily available as those for conventional transmissions due to their specialized nature. This limited availability could result in longer wait times and higher costs when repairs are necessary. To mitigate this disadvantage, it’s crucial for consumers to choose reputable mechanics with experience working on CVTs and consider extended warranties or vehicle maintenance plans that cover transmission repairs.
What are eCVT’s?
The term eCVT was first coined by Toyota to describe their hybrid transmission setup. Essentially, you combine an electric motor with a gasoline engine that uses a planetary gearset, meaning no traditional gears and no chains or pulleys. This translates into an incredibly reliable drivetrain.
These eCVT’s are my exception to my “traditional automatic transmissions only” rule. After driving a handful of different Toyota hybrids with an eCVT such as the RAV4 Hybrid, I’ve fallen in love. These vehicles operate so incredibly smoothly. You’ll also return some exceptionally good fuel economy. I’ve seen small vehicles return over 60mpg and larger SUVs return 35-40mpg which is unheard of. Honda and a few other brands also utilize eCVT’s in some of their hybrid models.
CVT vs Automatic Transmissions: Debunking the Myths and Comparing Efficiency and Responsiveness
Myth debunked: CVTs are not less reliable than automatic transmissions.
Let’s start by addressing a common misconception about CVT transmissions – their reliability. Many people believe that CVTs are less reliable than traditional automatic transmissions, but this is simply not true. While it is true that early models of CVTs had some reliability issues, modern advancements have made them much more durable and dependable.
One factor that contributes to the improved reliability of modern CVTs is the use of high-quality materials and advanced engineering techniques. Manufacturers have invested significant time and resources in developing robust CVT systems that can withstand the demands of everyday driving. Advancements in lubrication technology, such as specialized CVT fluids, help to reduce wear and tear on the transmission components, further enhancing their longevity.
Some of the most well-regarded brands in terms of reliability have been successfully producing reliable vehicles for years that utilize CVT’s. Subaru and Honda are probably the two most notable brands that use CVT’s. Through some impressive engineering, these brands have also made some fairly competitive higher performance cars such as the Subaru WRX.
It’s also noteworthy that just because a car uses an automatic transmission, does not mean that it is more reliable. There are plenty of vehicles with automatic transmissions with their fair share of issues too.
CVTs provide better fuel efficiency due to optimized gear ratios.
CVT transmissions have a clear advantage over traditional automatics. The key lies in their ability to continuously adjust gear ratios based on engine speed and load conditions. Unlike conventional automatic gearboxes with fixed gear ratios, a CVT allows for an infinite number of gear ratios within its operating range.
This flexibility enables the engine to operate at its most efficient speed for a given situation, resulting in improved fuel economy. By constantly optimizing the gear ratio to match the engine’s power output requirements, a CVT ensures that the engine operates at its peak efficiency point more often than traditional automatic transmissions.
Furthermore, since there are no discrete shifts like in an automatic transmission, power delivery remains smooth and uninterrupted throughout acceleration. This seamless power flow not only enhances fuel efficiency but also provides a comfortable driving experience, if you can ignore the loud noise of the engine.
Traditional automatics may offer more responsive acceleration in certain situations.
While CVTs excel in terms of fuel efficiency, they may not always match the responsiveness of traditional automatic transmissions, especially in certain acceleration scenarios. Traditional automatics often have a series of predetermined gear ratios that allow for quick and decisive shifts, resulting in more immediate acceleration.
In contrast, CVTs rely on a belt and pulley system to vary the gear ratio continuously. While this provides excellent fuel efficiency, it can sometimes lead to a delay in response during sudden bursts of acceleration. However, it’s important to note that modern CVTs have made significant strides in minimizing this delay through advanced control systems and programming.
Some automakers have introduced simulated shift points or stepped gears into their CVT designs to provide a more familiar driving experience for those accustomed to traditional automatic transmissions. These simulated shifts create the sensation of discrete gear changes while still benefiting from the efficiency advantages of a CVT.
Modern advancements have made CVTs more durable and reliable.
Thanks to continuous technological advancements, today’s CVTs are far more durable and reliable than their earlier counterparts. Manufacturers have addressed many of the initial concerns surrounding CVT reliability by improving materials quality, enhancing cooling systems, and developing better control algorithms.
One notable improvement is the introduction of metal belts instead of rubber ones in some CVT designs. Metal belts offer increased strength and durability while reducing the risk of slipping or stretching over time. Improved torque converter lock-up mechanisms help enhance overall transmission efficiency while reducing wear on internal components.
Another major change in newer CVT’s is the knowledge that they need more cooling than initially thought. One of the major causes of CVT transmission failures is overheating. For example, Nissan and Mitsubishi both used the same CVT’s when they first came out years ago. Mitsubishi used transmission coolers and Nissan did not. Nissans of that era faced way more reliability issues than their Mitsubishi counterparts. Nissan has since started using transmission coolers as well as a more robustly designed CVT.
Furthermore, extensive testing and real-world usage data have allowed manufacturers to identify potential weaknesses and implement design changes accordingly. This iterative process has significantly contributed to the enhanced reliability of modern CVTs.
Common Problems with CVT Transmissions: Identifying and Diagnosing Issues
Signs of Trouble: Whining Noises and Delayed Response
One of the most common problems with CVT transmissions is the presence of whining noises or a delayed response when accelerating. If you notice a high-pitched whine coming from your car transmission, it could be an indication that there is an issue with the CVT system. This noise typically occurs when the transmission is under strain or when there is excessive wear on the internal components.
In addition to the whining noise, another red flag to look out for is a delayed response when you press down on the accelerator pedal. Instead of immediately increasing speed, you may experience a lag before the transmission engages and starts moving the vehicle forward. This delay can be frustrating and potentially dangerous, especially in situations where quick acceleration is required.
The Importance of CVT Fluid Maintenance
To ensure optimal performance and prevent potential issues with your CVT transmission, regular maintenance of the transmission fluid is crucial. The transmission fluid in a CVT plays a vital role in cooling and lubricating its internal components. Over time, this fluid can become contaminated or break down due to heat and friction.
If the fluid becomes dirty or overheats, it can lead to slipping issues within the transmission. Slipping occurs when there is insufficient friction between the clutch plates, causing power loss and reduced efficiency. By maintaining clean and properly functioning transmission fluid, you can minimize these risks and extend the lifespan of your CVT.
Final Thoughts
If you’re buying a new vehicle, nearly every brand that utilizes a CVT transmission has worked out the kinks in the system. Modern reliability on a new vehicle with a CVT should be fairly comparable to one with a traditional automatic transmission. I’m still an advocate for eCVT’s due to their simplistic design and track record for unbeatable reliability.
Personally, if I was buying a typical commuter car, I’d have no problem buying a CVT. I’d prefer an eCVT though. If I was buying a performance car or weekend day trip car, I would absolutely buy something with a traditional automatic transmission. Traditional automatics are more performance oriented and produce way more emotions when driving them, in my opinion.
FAQs
Q: Are CVT transmissions more prone to failure compared to traditional automatic transmissions?
CVTs have been associated with some reliability concerns due to their complex design and unique operating principles. However, advancements in technology have significantly improved the overall durability of modern-day CVTs. It is crucial to consider factors such as manufacturer reputation and regular maintenance to ensure the longevity of a CVT transmission.
Q: Do CVT transmissions require more frequent maintenance compared to other types of transmissions?
CVT transmissions typically require regular maintenance, just like any other type of transmission. Following the manufacturer’s recommended service intervals for fluid changes and inspections is essential for ensuring optimal performance and longevity. Neglecting proper maintenance can increase the risk of potential issues with a CVT transmission.
Q: Can I tow heavy loads with a car equipped with a CVT transmission?
While some CVT transmissions are capable of towing light loads, it is generally not recommended to tow heavy loads with vehicles equipped with CVTs. The continuous variable gear ratios in CVTs are optimized for efficient operation under normal driving conditions rather than heavy towing scenarios. If towing capacity is a priority, it may be advisable to consider vehicles with traditional automatic or manual transmissions.
Q: Are there any specific car models known for their reliable CVT transmissions?
Several car manufacturers have made significant advancements in developing reliable CVT transmissions. Brands such as Honda, Toyota, Subaru, and Nissan are often recognized for producing vehicles with dependable CVTs. However, it is important to research specific models within these brands and read customer reviews to assess their reliability accurately.
Q: Can I modify or tune a car equipped with a CVT transmission for better performance?
Modifying or tuning a car equipped with a CVT transmission can be challenging due to the complex nature of these systems. While there may be limited aftermarket options available, it is crucial to consult professionals who specialize in tuning CVTs before making any modifications. Improper modifications can lead to reliability issues and potentially void your vehicle’s warranty.
